American football positions Essay Example for Free (#2)

American football positions Essay Football, it isn't only a game or some game. It is as long as I can remember. Consistently I have one objective and that is to make it to football season. Playing in every one of those games gives a unique inclination that nobody can get enough of. Winter, Spring, and Summer don't come close to what Fall resembles, in addition to the fact that it is one of the most lovely seasons however the most extraordinary, most energizing game seasons to anybody with a heartbeat. I get ready for it throughout the entire year, doing various sorts of activities, for example, running, lifting, hopping rope, and anything that I could consider to assist me with being the best competitor I might be. Regardless of how hard somebody could plan for football there is just a single thing that will genuinely make somebody as well as could be expected ever be and that my companion is heart. On the off chance that they don't have heart they won't make it anyplace, in football as well as throughout everyday life. With heart and commitment there is nothing that can't be cultivated. Every so often I simply dream about playing football on the following level. The adventure of simply getting ready in that pullover means everything to me. Playing underneath those blinding lights, that lights up the entire field like the sun. There are such a significant number of various approaches to dominate matches however there are an essential not many that will work. Some offense will truly put face up on the board to show how great the group is. A mess of protection will dominate the match; it will prevent the other group from putting the focuses up. One of my preferred statements â€Å"Offense sells tickets; Defense wins championships†Ã¢â‚¬Coach Paul â€Å"Bear† Bryant Jr. There is consistently Special Teams too without it there would be no opening shots, no field objectives, and without it the game would not be finished. Morgan 2 The Offense, I would not say it was my preferred thing yet I play it to help put face up on the board. There are such huge numbers of various situations on the offense and over a million unique plays and arrangements. There is the hostile line, which is one of the most unpleasant and extraordinary spots I have ever been. There is punching, kicking, and anything to show prevalence, on the off chance that I didn't have a clue about any better I would think I was clench hand battling some place in those channels. There is the running backs and the quarterbacks. They get the entirety of the brilliance since they are the ones who score the touchdowns. The running backs and the linemen cooperate to score, one wrong move by one of the linemen and our running back gets handled. The linemen hinder the protective players to prevent them from handling our running back, in the event that we succeed we score. The Defense, my record-breaking most loved thing, this is the place they separate the young men and the men. I love going out and simply crushing some people’s protective caps in. There are a such a large number of various positions like protective handles, cornerbacks, safeguards, and my preferred line-benefactors. Regardless of where the arrangement is going there will be somebody there to stop them. Like that statement said protection wins titles and that is 100% valid without resistance it simply be a track and field competition meet. This is simply me however I would prefer to sack a quarterback than score a touchdown, yet a few people they dislike that. The one thing that dominates and loses matches is the uncommon groups. The field objective is one of the most significant things now and again this can dominate the match. I have seen it send groups into the victor circle and I have seen it send groups down failure path. There is additionally the opening shots where each time the group scores they kick it off to the next group. There is a punt when the group doesn't prevail to make a first down in the four downs they are giving. Morgan 3 All of these things can represent the moment of truth the group in any case, the one group that can show improvement over the other group will be triumphant. In the event that they don't play as well as can be expected consistently anticipate one week from now. American football positions. (2017, Jun 01).

Animal welfare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creature government assistance - Research Paper Example ey utilize physiological estimates, for example, plasma cortisol, endorphins, and the pulse to decide the capacity of the creature to adapt to the earth. Seeing creature government assistance as far as the body has constraints, for example, (a) situation and hereditary qualities can make needed physical results however the animal’s mental state is in danger, (b) some physical parameters, for example, plasma cortisol and pulse are hard to decipher in light of the fact that they can be affected by the negative and positive encounters (Hewson 496). Creature government assistance in this way coordinates the condition of the animal’s body and the sentiments. Emotions, for example, dread and dissatisfaction structure the premise of the creature government assistance; in the event that the creature is feeling admirably, at that point it is faring great. Emotions in creature government assistance quantifies the results like conduct; social results involve things, for example, the ability to work and conduct signs, for example, dissatisfaction and dread (Hewson 496). Probably the most concerning issue in the creature government assistance is the way creatures are moved and butchered. For a long time individuals have been moving and butchering creatures. Creatures have given everything humanity has required like food, and apparel. The methods of transport and butcher have been coldhearted with a portion of the individuals oppressing the creatures into circumstances that were agonizing. The creatures are left incredible destroying circumstances; dread, weariness, and injury are the result of such severity (Council of Europe 55). It is troublesome and tedious to persuade enormous creatures to go into a specific course especially up in a slope. Then again, littler creatures, for example, the chicken are not extraordinary and they can be disappointing. Bone breaks and wounds are normal when the meat feathered creatures are being gathered for butcher; they are typically gotten by the legs and various them get harmed or wounded all the while (Spedding 51). The serious issues in the butchering of creatures are the absence of pre-butcher dazzling in legitimate (schechita) and

Break-Even Analysis What, Why, and How

Break-Even Analysis What, Why, and How Break-even analysis, one of the most popular business tools, is used by companies to determine the level of profitability. It provides companies with targets to cover costs and make a profit. It is a comprehensive guide to help set targets in terms of units or revenue. © Shutterstock.com | astephanIn this article, we look at 1) break-even analysis and how it works, 2) application and benefits, and 3) calculations, assumptions, and interpretations.BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS, AND HOW IT WORKSDefinitionBreak-even analysis is a business tool widely used across all industries to evaluate business performance in terms of costs, since this is a supply-side analysis. Break-even analysis is an important aspect of a good business plan, since it helps the business determine the cost structures, and the number of units that need to be sold in order to cover the cost or make a profit. Break-even analysis is usually done as part of a business plan to see the how practical the business idea is, and whether or not it is worth pursuing. Even after a business has been set-up, break-even analysis can be immensely helpful in the pricing and promotion process, along with cost control.Simply put, break-even point can be determined by calculating the point at which revenue rec eived equals the total costs associated with the production of the goods or services.Break-even Point = Fixed Costs/ (Unit Selling Price Variable Costs)The Concept Behind the AnalysisUsing the above formula, the business can determine how many units it needs to produce in order to break-even. Once the business has reached this point, in sales or units sold, all costs (Fixed and Variable) have been recovered. Beyond this point, every additional unit sold will result in increasing profit for the business. The increase in profit will be by the amount of unit contribution margin, which is the amount of additional revenues that goes towards covering the fixed costs and profit. It can be calculated as follow:Unit Contribution Margin = Sales Price Variable CostsCostsThere are two distinct nature of costs that a business has to incur in its normal operational activities:Fixed CostsThese costs stay the same regardless of how many units the company is producing. These include start-up costs , and other capital expenses which do not have to be paid periodically. Rent, insurance, utility bills and repairs are also considered fixed costs, since variations are minute and the amount does not directly depend on the number of items produced. For example, if a tire manufacturer rents a building at $2000 per month, and decides to produce 100 tires, the fixed cost will be $2000. The amount will stay the same if even there is no activity and zero tires are produced.Variable costsThese costs are directly associated with the number of units produced, and these are recurring in nature, since they have to be paid periodically. As the business produces more and more goods and services, these costs increase proportional. For example, the cost of rubber required to manufacture a tire is $10. If company produces zero tires, the total variable costs comes down to $0 (10*0). On the other hand, if the company produces 500 tires, the total variable costs comes down to $5000 (500*10). These c osts usually include material, labor, direct sales and promotion, storage etc.RevenueRevenue is the money that a business actually receives from its customers for the provisions of goods and services during a particular period. Discounts and deductions have already been adjusted, which means it is the gross income from which various costs are later deducted in order to calculate profit or loss. Total revenue can be calculated by multiplying the price at which goods or services are sold by number units sold.Contribution MarginContribution margin can be calculated by subtracting variable expenses from the revenues. The contribution margin shows how much of the company’s revenues will be contributing towards covering the fixed costs. It can be expressed on per unit basis or for the total amount. It can also be expressed as a percentage of net sales.Two Types of Break-Even Calculations â€" Units and SalesCalculation of Break-even point in unitsBreak-even point is usually calculated in units, which gives the company the number of units it must produce in order to break-even. It can be calculated by dividing contribution margin by total fixed costs:Break-even point (Units) = Fixed Costs/Contribution margin per unitCalculation of Break-even point in sales valueIn the previous example, the break-even point was calculated in terms of number of units. Break-even point can also be calculated in sales value (Dollars). This can be done by dividing company’s total fixed costs by contribution margin ratio.Contribution Margin = Contribution Margin per Unit/Sales Price per UnitORContribution Margin = (Sales Price Variable Costs) /Sales Price per UnitContribution margin, when expressed as percentage of sales is called contribution margin ratio. Example: Calculate contribution margin, total contribution margin and contribution margin ratio using the following information:Price Per Unit$20Units Sold5000Variable Cost Per unit$12SolutionTotal Sales= 5000 × $20 = $100,000Total Variable Cost= 5000 × $12 = $60,000Total Contribution Margin= $100,000 $60,000= $40,000Contribution Margin Per Unit= $40,000 ÷ 5000 = $8CM Ratio= $8/20 = 40%Example:A business has fixed costs of $100,000 per year, while the variable costs are 60% of total sales value. This would mean the contribution margin is 40%, since 100% 60%=40%In order to calculate break-even point in sale:Break-Even Point in Sales = Fixed Costs/contribution margin ratio= $100,000/40%= $ 250,000So, the company needs to sell goods worth $250,000 in order to break-even. Anything beyond this point will constitute as profit, and if the company falls short of this amount, the difference would be loss incurred.APPLICATION AND BENEFITSApplication of Break-even AnalysisCost CalculationBreak-even analysis is widely used to determine the number of units the business needs to sell in order to avoid losses. This calculation requires the business to determine selling price, variable costs and fixed costs. Once these n umbers are determined, it is fairly easy to calculate break-even point in units or sales value.Budgeting and Setting TargetsBreak-even charts and calculation be used for budgeting process, since the business know exactly how many units need to be sold in order to break-even. Moreover, the company is also aware of the profits the company will be able to earn at various points, which can be easily illustrated on a simple break-even chart. This can help business set realistic, achievable targets for itself.Motivational ToolBreak-even analysis also helps to motivate the employees, especially the sales staff, since it clearly shows the profits at various points of sales. The chart clearly shows the impact extra sales would have on the profitability of the company.Margin of SafetyMargin of safety is a tool which complements break-even analysis, since these two tool are interrelated. This concept is used when a major proportion of sales are likely to decline or in period of recession or ec onomic turn down. Managers can better make better production and sales decision if they know the margin of safety for a particular product or service. When the margin of safety is large, the business would want to try new pricing, marketing and take risks hoping to further increase sales and revenues. On the other hand, if the margin of safety is meager, managers are likely not to change anything, since any small change could trigger losses. In such a situation managers would want to reduce costs, so that margin of safety can be increased.The concept of margin of safety might not be useful for businesses with seasonal demand for their products or services, since there will be a lot of variations on monthly basis. The result could be complied for an entire year, so that seasonal fluctuations are removed.Margin of safety can be calculated by subtracting the current break-even point from current sales, and dividing by current level of sales.The formula (Version #1) is:Margin of safety = (Current Sales Level â€" Break-even Point)/Current Sales LevelThere are two ways to calculate margin of safety:If the company wishes to calculate margin of safety for a budgeted, future period, it can replace the current sales level with budgeted sales level.If a business wants to calculate margin of safety  (Version #2) for number of units sold, then instead of current sales level, selling price per unit in the denominator.Margin of safety = (Current Sales Level Break-even Point)/Selling Price per UnitFor example, a business considering expanding its factory. The expansion will increase business’s operating costs by $50,000. The table below shows how the concept of margin of safety can be employed to assess various situations:ExampleUse the following information to calculate margin of safety:Before ExpansionAfter ExpansionSales Price per Unit$50$50Variable Cost per Unit$30$30Total Fixed Cost$10,000$10,000Budgeted Sales$50,000$75,000Solution (Before Expansion)Break-even Sales U nits= $10,000 ÷ ($50 $30)= 500Budgeted Sales Units= $50,000 ÷ $50= 1,000Margin of Safety= (1000 - 500) ÷ 1,000= 50%Solution (After Expansion)Break-even Sales Units= $10,000 ÷ ($50 $30)= 500Budgeted Sales Units= $70,000 ÷ $50= 1,500Margin of Safety= (1500 - 500) ÷ 1,000= 100%The above example shows how an improvement in actual sales improved margin of safety for the business as the sales improved.Cost Control and MonitoringSince costs (Fixed and Variable) affect the profitability of the business directly, the managers can easily see these changes through break-even analysis. This would help them control costs, and make sure that they remain within a given range.Helps devise a pricing strategySelling price is an important determinant of break-even analysis. If managers have access to break-eve charts, they will be able to see the impact, changes in selling price has on the overall profitability. Hence, this tool provides more information for the mangers to make better pricing decision, considering the supply-side of the production process.CALCULATIONS, ASSUMPTIONS AND INTERPRETATIONWorked ExampleFor example, if it costs $50 to produce a tire, and there are fixed costs of $500, the break-even point for selling the widgets would be:If selling for $100: 10 tires (Calculated as 500/ (100-50) =10)If selling for $150: 5 tires (Calculated as 500/ (150-50) =5)As it can be seen from the above example that, higher the selling price of a particular product, the break-even point is lower. One of the major flaws of break-even analysis is that it fails to take into account the demand-side of the business, since looking from a demand-side perceptive it would be easier to sell more units at lower price.Break-even point calculation is a rather simple calculation that can help businesses with forecasting costs and sales. As mentioned earlier, break-even point there is no profit, no loss. Ideally all business owners would want a lower break-even point, since beyond that po int there is profit for the business. The lower limit of profit is the break-even point.Key Assumption â€" Fixed Cost same, Variable Cost and Sales Price are kept constantBreak-even analysis assumes that per unit selling price and variable cost do not change, which is not always the case.Business in order to sell more goods and services often have to reduce prices. Sometimes prices are not in control of the business, since they depend on market conditions and other factors such as government regulation.Variable costs also change as material, labor and other indirect variable expenses could increase or decrease as quantity changes. For Example, Labor rates will increase due to overtime if more units are produced. Other variable cost could also vary with number of units. The break-even analysis also assumes that all units produced are also sold, which is not always the case. This tool fails to take into account the demand-side situation, since not all units produced are sold at the as sumed price.Difficulties And ApplicabilityAnother important aspect of business transaction that is missed in break-even calculation is principal balance of outstanding loans. The interest being paid on all loans should be part of fixed costs, but it is shown as an expense in the profit loss account.Graphical Construction â€" Break-Even DiagramBreak-even diagram (also known as break-even chart, see above) is a line graph used for break-even analysis to determine the break-even point, the point where business will make a profit or loss. Number of units are plotted on the horizontal (X) axis, and total sales/costs are plotted on vertical (Y) axis. Using the diagrammatical method, break-even point can be determined by pinpointing where the two (revenue and total costs) linear lines intersect. The total revenue and total cost lines are linear (straight lines), since prices and variable costs are assumed to be constant per unit. The Break-even diagram can be modified to reflect different situation with various prices and costs. The diagram clearly shows how a change in cost or selling price can impact the overall profitability of the business.In the diagram, the line of fixed cost in horizontal with the x-axis, which means it does not change with the quantity, since even if the output is zero, some costs have to be incurred. The total cost line represents the combined sum of both variable and total cost, since both must be taken into account in order to determine profitability.InterpretationIt is essential that the results from break-even analysis are interpreted correctly and the information is effectively utilized to make better, informed business decisions. For example, if a break-even analysis of a business reveal that 1000 units need to be produced to break-even. The managers need to assess whether or not they will be able to sell 1000 unit within a reasonable period of time given the market condition. Personal expectations and financial situation of the busin ess must also be taken into consideration. If the managers think that 1000 units can only be sold if price is lowered, break-even point should be re-calculated taking into account the change.

Important People in Ancient African History

The Iliad, by Homer - 855 Words

In Homers epic Iliad, the poet emphasizes the control of the gods in the war he describes. He creates literary devices around these well-known deities to illustrate their role in the action, conveying to his audience that this war was not just a petty conflict between two men over a woman, but a turbulent, fiery altercation amongst the gods. To an audience which had likely lost their fathers, brothers, or husbands to the Trojan War, it would be a welcome relief to hear that the whole affair was orchestrated by the gods, and that the deaths of their loved ones were inevitable and honorable. Part of trying to understand such a tragic war is justifying how rational human beings could behave so savagely. The poet does not want to say that†¦show more content†¦Likewise, the affair that started the whole war is explained away by divine intrusion, for the sake of the listeners. No audience wants to imagine an epic, ten-year war fought solely for the sake of one woman’s infidelity, and no family wants to think of their men dying for the sake of one man’s pride. Rather than tell the story from that perspective, the poet looks at the situation through a supernatural lens, taking the responsibility off the shoulders of the human beings involved and placing it on those of a meddling deity. Rather than claiming that Helen ran away with Alexandros purely of her own volition, the poet implies that she is being swayed by lust forced on her by Aphrodite. When the goddess of love—and sexuality—commands Helen to go to her husband, she resists, calling it â€Å"shameful† (3.410), and refuses to go. She obeys in the end, however, only after Aphrodite threatens her. It is even implied that Alexandros is being manipulated himself by the attractiveness that Aphrodite bestowed on Helen, when, coming straight from a painful confrontation on the battlefield, he finds that he has â€Å"passion enmeshed in [his] senses† (3.442), as never before. The audience, picking up on this incongruity, would be moved for these helpless lovers, under the control not of their own lusts, but the will of a fickle goddess. Whereas in other stories, Helen might be portrayed as an unfaithful villain, Homer paints her as a victim of the cruelShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad By Homer1654 Words   |  7 Pages The Iliad is a collection of poems by Homer describing the 10-year siege on Troy by Greeks in what is now famously referred to as the Trojan War. Several Greek and Trojan characters are worth a special mention in these Homeric poems because of th e roles they played in the battles before the war was won, how they conducted themselves to help eventually win the war for their side. This paper specifically investigates the writings in the Homeric poems to look are important in the overall text. TheRead MoreThe Iliad By Homer892 Words   |  4 Pages The Iliad by Homer depicts the great struggle by Agamemnon and the Greeks to take the mighty city state of Troy and return Helen to her rightful husband, Menelaus. While many ponder if the war actually happened, or why the gods always seemed to be more human than humans themselves, few ask the key but often overlooked question; why is Agamemnon the leader of the Greeks in the first place? What happened that put him in charge of the Greek forces? Why does there seem to be an underlying resentmentRead MoreThe Iliad, by Homer980 Words   |  4 Pages The Iliad written by Homer in the days of Ancient Greece has become one of the most epic poems of all time. It is a poem that has been debated for centuries. Within the tale of Achilles and the wrath of war lies a magnificent object that is shortly mentioned in Book 18. The brief section in Book XVIII, lines 505-660, described the shield that Achilles would carry into battle. How ever, it also tells us something about the nature of Achilles and his heroic image full of rage and anger. In orderRead MoreThe Iliad By Homer2007 Words   |  9 PagesThe Iliad is a collection of poems written by Homer describing the 10-year siege of the city of Troy by Greeks in what is now famously known as the Trojan War. Several characters stand out in the series of poems because of the roles they played in the war, how they behaved and the acts they took to help eventually win the war for the Greeks (then known as Akhaians). This paper specifically investigates the writings in Books two, four, thirteen, sixteen and seventeen and why the events in these booksRead MoreThe Iliad by Homer1383 Words   |  6 Pageswas, in fact, useful. Aristotle agreed with Plato that literature induces undesirable emotions, but he stated that it only does so in an attempt to purge us of these harmful sentiments, a process which he termed â€Å"catharsis†. The events in Homer’s I liad, while used by both Plato and Aristotle to defend their theories about literature, lend themselves to the defense of Aristotle’s ideas more so than Plato’s. Specifically, the juxtaposition of Achilleus’s intense lamentation with the portrayal of Hephaistos’sRead MoreThe Iliad By Homer2191 Words   |  9 PagesThe Iliad By Homer was created in the late 5th-early 6th century A.D. This Epic was a best seller, but the publishing date and publisher is unknown, due to the story being so old. The Iliad is around 576 pages long. Some facts that have to do with the Iliad that are not well knows include the name Homer resembling the greek word for â€Å"hostage.† Also, taking place after the events of the Iliad, Aeneas supposedly survives the war and goes on to become the founder of roman culture. Going on to a differentRead MoreIliad by Homer1216 Words   |  5 Pagesin Homer’s Iliad, to be a hero is to be â€Å"publicly recognized for ones valour on the battlefield† and to have a prize with it (Sale). In other words, a hero is someone who fights for his own fame and glory. However, the modern perception of a hero is quite different. A hero is someone who do not endeavor to become a hero, but someone who act in admirable ways, often for the better of everyone else. The modern concept of heroism is what defines a true hero. Achilles is a hero in the Iliad, because ofRead MoreThe Iliad Of The Homer s Iliad Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe Iliad ranks as one of the most important and most influential works in terms of world literatures since its establishment. Between the underlying standard to which the Iliad offers us as audience members, along with the plethora of writers that have followed in the footsteps to which Homer’s Iliad paved, the impact that the Iliad has played is remarkable in itself. While the Iliad can be credited for much of present day literature we study today, Hollywood can be created for the plethora ofRead More The Iliad of Homer Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages When analyzing the Greek work the Iliad, Homer procures an idealistic hero with an internal conflict, which questions the values of his society and the Greek Heroic Code. The Greek Heroic Code includes respect, honor, and requirements to procure an exorbitant image. To be considered a Greek hero you must meet the perquisites and fulfill all of the aspects of the code. Achilleus was deemed a hero, he was the strongest and swiftest of the Achieans. Achilleus lived up to all of these aspects untilRead MoreThe Iliad, By Homer1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Iliad, along with the Odyssey, is one of two epics handed down through the Homeric tradition in the Greek Dark Ages, considered by many to be the Heroic Age. However, the key issue lies with the fact that ancient Greeks define a ‘hero’ very differently from what we would consider a ‘hero’ to be today. In ancient Greece, a hero is any human descended from the gods and bequeathed with superhuman abilities. By thi s definition, Achilles is immediately classified as a hero, no matter his actions.

Is Technology Really Making Life Easier Free Essays

Is Technology Really Making Life Easier MRT Abstract In this research paper I have posed the question; is technology really making life easier? I took the stance that advancement in technology has led to major sociological issues that are currently being felt and will be felt for generations to come. I highlighted the creation of such devices and services such as cell phones, computers, the internet, and social media. My research has only shown more support to what I had believed prior to starting this process. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Technology Really Making Life Easier? or any similar topic only for you Order Now My conclusion based off the information to follow is that technology may have made our lives more convenient, however it has not made our lives easier or less stressful. Do you think modern technology has made life easier and safer? Or do you think that modern technology has made life more difficult and more dangerous? Today, we can’t imagine ourselves without technical advances such as cars, microwaves, cell phones, computers, and televisions. However, technology won’t stop there, but it will grow bigger and bigger. As technology grows, there are not only advantages, but disadvantages from them. A list of the benefits of technology would be very long indeed. However, as with almost everything we human beings have created, technology has a downside. There is, we might say, a dark side to technology. For openers, technology does not necessarily make life simpler; rather, it tends to make life more complicated. Nowadays, for example, nearly every discussion of the â€Å"wonderful power of technology to enrich our lives† mentions the cell phone. Certainly, the instant communication brought about by the telephone has been a major advancement. It was originally a rather simple device that anyone could learn to use in a matter of minutes, and we soon began using phones to make and receive phone calls, usually about matters of some importance. Recently, however, we have created these devices to perform a ridiculous number of irrelevant tasks. One needs a thirty-page booklet to learn how to use them. Anyone who enters a phone store today seeking a phone that simply sends and receives phone calls is likely to be looked upon as a refugee from the Dark Ages. Cellphones have become the number one thing in most people’s lives. It is the quickest way to keep contact with the outside world. It has made life easier for humans and it has become one of the things that we cannot live without. Cellphones can help us solve a lot of problems, but can also cause a lot of stress related problems because people are too dependent on technology nowadays. It has weakened our social ability, without it, people find it hard to express themselves. Cellphones have dominated our lives with the advanced technology and applications they offer. Friends from miles away are only a text message away from you, and it can avoid awkward and silent moments because you do not have to talk to someone face to face anymore. Although it can help us in many different aspects, we are starting to rely on it and abuse it. A lot of teenagers cannot be separated from their cell phones for too long, they are always on their phones and they find it hard to not look at their phone before long. Most of their phones allow them to watch movies, read books, listen to music and talk to people, which make them a lot less interactive and productive in real life. They provide us different sorts of interesting entertainment and useful information, which is easily accessible to people. People who live in the city are always rushed and in a hurry, to them, time is money and one of their most valuable assets, and cellphones are exactly what they need and cannot live without in their daily lives. People who are often on their phones believe that texting and interacting with people on their phone makes up for not seeing them face to face in real person. As they are always depending on their phones, they become lazier. They do not have urge to go out and meet new people and become more socially awkward as they do not know how to talk to people face to face anymore in their daily lives. A recent study from the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business finds that even though cellphones are generally thought to connect people together, they are making the users less social minded. The school’s marketing professor Rosellina Ferraro said: â€Å"We would expect a similar pattern of effects with people from other age groups. Given the increasing pervasiveness of cell phones, it does have the potential to have broad social implications. † There is a problem with texting. Did you know that one of the main causes of car crashes are that people are texting while they are driving? That is a huge problem. Several studies show cell phones are a leading cause of car crashes. It is estimated that cell phone distracted drivers are four times more likely to be in a car wreck. Cell phones cause over 200 deaths and half a million injuries each year. When you are texting while driving, you are more focused on your phone than on the road. As a result your speed can change very quickly. You could be at a speed of 20, then 40, then 50, then 60, or 70 miles per hour and sometimes even faster. This cycle will not end if a person is surrounded by a group of people who are always depending on their cellphones even when all of them are spending time together. To people who do not usually use their cellphones this can be disrespectful and impolite as it seems like they are not enjoying the time spent with each other. There are no doubts that cellphones are very important to us, as they can help us in numerous aspects. It is the best thing to have when you are bored, and to communicate with people from far away even when you are busy. People can contact you any time of the day and it is very convenient and user friendly. They are made for people in the world to easily connect with each other, instead of making long distance phone calls, sending emails and writing letters like the old days; which require more effort and are more time consuming. It is important to have a cell phone with you because it can make communication easier, provide many applications in it and most importantly safety to their users. Another example of the complexity of modern technology is the computer. Again, nobody can deny that computers have enabled us to share information, process data, and perform numerous other tasks with speed and ease that, as recently as a generation ago, we would have thought impossible. Computer technology has been advancing so rapidly that new applications are discovered faster than anyone can keep pace – and that’s a problem. Even the computer experts understand only a fraction of what these machines do (just ask an expert for help when a computer crashes). Although most users can and do master some of the basic operations, most computer owners cannot use many of the functions that are built into computer programs. Much has been written about how the younger generations who have been brought up in the computer age know intuitively how to use these machines. However, evidence suggests that they learn only what amuses or entertains them. I for one grew up in the computer age, however I can say that if you do not keep up with technology is will pass you and leave you in its’ dust. Most haven’t the patience or the desire to go through the complicated process of learning more functional programs. Furthermore, they tend to use computers rather than their own brains for many tasks that they should be able to perform without mechanical assistance. It is possible to argue that the invention of the calculator is largely responsible for the inability of many people to do simple math; it is likewise possible to prove that electronic spell-checking (which is, and may always be, imperfect) has created at least one generation of individuals who cannot spell and know nothing about the logic of language. Complexity is not the only downside of computers. They have created an even greater gap between the rich and the poor, the educated and uneducated. To use these devices, one needs both experience and education. Lacking computers at home (even if they can access them at school), poorer people do not have the opportunity to gain much experience with them. Even as the computer becomes a commodity (something to which virtually everyone has access), the pace of technology is so rapid that these individuals are light years behind the more fortunate people. Furthermore, since computer skills must be learned, less educated individuals have a vast disadvantage. Educated individuals can use computers to expand their knowledge; uneducated or less educated people are stuck where they are. The gap widens. Finally, with respect to computers, many of the advantages have spawned a nightmarish array of problems. I recently interviewed several Lewiston Police Officers and asked them what they felt was the most significant change they have witnessed in their field. Technology was their first answer. One officer explained how when he started on the force some fifteen plus years ago he was given a car and a radio. When he would need information he would have to contact his dispatcher, which would then relay what little, and often outdated, information they had over the radio to him. He explained that now every officer has a laptop computer right in their car tied into some of the most sophisticated databases in the world. The software allows him to run license plates in a matter of seconds which will tell him who owns the vehicle, if it is registered, if the owner has any warrants or such. He said that while yes this technology is amazing and in today’s world he probably could not do without, he longs for the simpler times. He stated that there is a disconnect with society due to the technology. Officers will travel around in their vehicles like robots verses interacting with people on the streets as they did in the past. He feels that this societal disconnect has led to a lack of respect that police officers once had. While technology has now given us the ability to shop from home, it has opened a whole new area in which con artists can conduct scams, a complex area that authorities admit is impossible to police. While it has enabled us to bank by internet, it has brought on a wave of identity theft such as we have never before seen. This negative consequence of technology has affected hundreds of thousands of people which have their identities stolen each year. Identity theft is when these criminals get and use consumer’s personal information such as credit card numbers, bank account numbers, insurance information, and social security numbers to buy goods or services wrongly. Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes out there. When the identity thief uses a credit card, bank account, Social Security number or cell phone in your name and doesn’t pay the bill, it is all reported on your credit account. People don’t know that their identity has been stolen until damage has been done which can cause a problem. While it enables banks and other organizations to process data with lightning speed, electronic processing creates greater opportunity for error. One incorrect keystroke can set in motion an automated series of mistakes that are not easily detected or corrected. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the invention of the Internet is one of man’s greatest and most spectacular endeavors. For, it has truly revolutionized the world in regards to how we engage in business, recreate, socialize, educate ourselves and communicate with each other. The Internet eliminated all impediments of conventional methods of operations. Through its construction, the world economies have flourished. Therefore, it can be said in a nut shell, that the Internet has made life on earth easy to say the least; but to what expense? The amount of people that have used the internet has grown 572% from 2000 to 2010. What would the world be without internet? It has only been 20 years since its creation but yet it has affected society immensely. Internet has had both a positive and a negative influence on society. Due to the significance of both influences, internet cannot be seen entirely as good or bad, people can only have strong opinions on the matter. Before explaining all of the benefits to society the internet has had, let me start with showing that there is a good argument that the internet has had a negative impact on society. Skeptics argue that the internet is not beneficial to society because it limits face-to-face interactions, society’s most important type of interaction. The limiting factors include, but are not limited to, email based sites, like Yahoo. om, Gmail. com, and Hotmail. com, and social networking sites, like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter. They limit face-to-face interactions because it is more convenient then meeting up with everyone that a person would like to talk with. According to the National School Boards Association (NSBA), who published a report on research and guidelines on online social, educational, and networking, the average teen will spend more than 9 hours a week on just a social internet site (Creating Connecting). It is not terribly surprising that skeptics will say that spending close to two hours a day in a desk chair, on a computer, searching the web, downloading music, chatting with friends or playing internet games is a complete waste of time. They believe it should be used for studying, playing sports, being outdoors, the list goes on and on. Sadly, skeptics are completely right when they say these things are not productive, in fact, the way which most people use the internet is not productive. The NSBA’s report shows statistical figures that support the skeptic’s thoughts. Teens reported that they are on social sites, like Facebook, about 41% of the time that they are on the internet and downloading or listening to music 30% of the time they are on the internet (Creating Connecting). Clearly not the best use of time and it only leaves 29% for the rest of the endless list of the possible things to do on the internet. They could be using the time they are on internet for more productive means. Nevertheless, it seems too hard for people to use it for something productive, or beneficial to society, like reading the daily news. However, some of the available internet sites to read and learn from leads to the next negative aspect of the internet, unreliable and falsified information. The internet has very few regulations and almost no one policing it. With the addition of anyone having the ability and access to make a website, it presents a problem. The problem, it allows them to publish whatever they would like, not matter if it is true or not. This causes unreliability, especially for students such as myself researching information and it can be very difficult to find out if the source is credible or not. For instance, according Lucy Rector, a professor at Harford Community College who published a comparison of Wikipedia and other encyclopedias for accuracy, breadth, and depth in historical articles, Wikipedia is only 80% accurate (Rector, Comparison of Wikipedia). This means that one out of every five times a person visits Wikipedia they could being reading something that is not credible, this presents an outstanding credibility problem. This has had an effect on society, as now people must always determine whether or not the information they are presented with is credible. The creation of the internet has opened a new market in society for scammers. The National Consumers League produced a study in 2001 that showed internet fraud had generated 7 million in profit, nearly doubling from the year before (2001 Internet Fraud Statistics). These days it is hard to escape scams because they seem to be lurking around every corner. Online shopping fraud is no joke and has steadily increasing by millions over the years. In Europe, the amount of money lost per year due to online shopping fraud is 21. million, according to an article about how â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185%† written in the Sunday Times (O’Connor, Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent). The article goes on to say that today’s scammers are becoming increasingly sophisticated and convincing. Oddly enough, one of the main reasons for this is because it used to be that sites with the goal of fraud used to be terribly published. Often having spelling and grammatical errors that were easy to spot and then avoid. Skeptics say would argue that because of the internet, people have been seduced into scams costing people millions. The internet is full of graphic content and no one checking ID’s. Due to the internet, pornography has become more common and has had a negative effect on society. According to an article on â€Å"the Effects of Internet Pornography†, internet porn is viewed by 66% of men from 18 to 34 at least once a month (Wang, The Effects of Internet Pornography). In the article Richard Berry, president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers states that, â€Å"Pornography had an almost nonexistent role in divorce just seven or eight years ago†; its significant role now is â€Å"clearly due to the Internet† (Wang, The Effects of Internet Pornography). In the same branch of the internet but a more disturbing reason the internet has had a negative impact on society is child pornography. The internet has led to a global outburst in child pornography, conventionally thought to be too morally wrong and unthinkable of a behavior it can leave victims with emotional and physical damage for the rest of their lives. Society could do without their children being emotionally damaged for the rest of their lives. Although skeptics will say that the internet has affected society negatively, their argument is minute compared to the agreement that internet has had positive effects on society. Skeptics can argue that the time spent on the internet could be used for something else more productive, that the internet has created a numerous amount of unreliable and incorrect information that is published, and that it has helped scammers steal money and much more from society but it is nothing compared to what the internet has contributed to society. Internet has given society a new form of communication, a new way to acquire information, and a new and improved way to shop. From the birth of the internet came the birth of social network sites, such as Facebook and Myspace. Now a day, a person can communicate with anyone across the globe with the touch of a button. Although the time a person spends on social networks like Facebook, Myspace, Skype, Yahoo Mail, and Match. com can be completely useless, the sites, themselves are often beneficial to society. Facebook and Skype is a great and easy way to stay in touch with friends and family. Yahoo Mail and every other email account website cut down on paper pollution and put up a good fight against the inconvenience of the mailing system. Even Match. om has its benefits to society, now people do not even have to leave their seats to meet new people or ask them out, this is apparent in Facebook and Myspace as well. The point still being that, the internet has given us a new form of communication that is overall much more efficient, but possible less effective, than the ways people used to communicate with each other before the internet. Rick Nauert would agree with this. Rick Naurt has a PHD and is the senio r news editor for the University of Southern California, in 2006 he said â€Å"More than a decade after the portals of the Worldwide Web opened to he public, we are now witnessing the true emergence of the Internet as the powerful personal and social phenomenon we knew it would become (Nauert, The Internet as Agent of Social Change). † When asked if the internet increased regular contact with others, he answered, â€Å"42. 8 percent of Internet users agree that going online has increased the number of people they regularly stay in contact with (Nauert, The Internet as Agent of Social Change)†. Clearly, the creation of the internet and social networks has helped our society stay in touch and meet new people. The internet has led to a massive increase of easily accessible information and a lot of it very credible. The internet is enormously vast, with information on virtually every topic. A person can pretty much type anything into Google, even a question, and get what they are looking for. When talking about how the availability of information has changed society for the better, think of how hard it was to acquire information for papers for students before the internet. It was accomplished by moderate amount of time spent in a library. However, this led to teaching students good work ethic and did not allow time for procrastination. Not only can a person just learn anything over the internet, according to Karen Farkas, who wrote an article about â€Å"Online education growing as colleges offer more classes to meet student demand†, found that 29% of students have taken one or more online classes (Farkas, Online Education Growing). Although it is not surprising that in today’s day and age it is possible to get a college degree by taking exclusively online classes. Connection to the internet is not the only negative aspect of technology that computers provide. Consider automated answering systems and the disconnect of speaking to a human being. The only individuals who see any benefit in these systems are executives who, with their eyes on the bottom-line, look upon them as a cheap way to reduce or eliminate customer service personnel. These systems create the illusion of offering customer service when, in fact, they have practically eliminated customer service altogether and shipped what is left overseas. Automated answering systems constitute an area of technology that symbolizes what happens when tasks that only a human being can perform effectively are left to machines. Customers universally hate these systems because they provide little or no ervice, waste time, and often put the customer into an electronic loop that leads nowhere. The worst of these systems are those that provide voice messages in which a machine pretends to be a real human being. Verizon Wireless is a great example of this nightmare of a system. The creators of the Verizon System actually programmed the computer to recognize profanity, which usually is caused by frustration, and automatically connect you to a â€Å"real† human. While we may find definite advantages to almost any technological advancement, it is very difficult to find anything good to say about automated phone systems. In contrast, few of us question the value of technological advances in transportation – notably motor vehicles and airplanes. Because of these developments, we can travel further and faster than anyone a century ago would have imagined possible. However, even here technology has its downside. We live in a more dangerous world, not only because cars, trucks, and airplanes can kill but also because the ease and speed with which we can get from one place to another has made national borders more porous. The same technology that can deliver us to Grandma’s house halfway across the world can also deliver an explosive device that can obliterate Grandma and a few thousand of her neighbors. The recent discussions with North Korea are just an example. In addition, we have been seriously depleting the Earth’s natural resources to run these machines and have appreciably hastened global warming because of the gasses that they emit. On a simpler level, too, we may perhaps question whether it is necessarily desirable to go further and faster. Is it always better? Do we enjoy the trip more, or has the process of getting there become a hassle? For what are we saving all this precious time? Is it to have more time to watch commercials on TV, many of them promoting technology that we don’t need? Entertainment is probably the one area in which technology has had positive effects with very little negative impact. If the content of television is mediocre, we can’t really blame that on technology. If the music that people listen to on their various gadgets is trash, we can’t blame the gadgets. If we are spending more time being entertained because we have, thanks to technology, a wide variety of entertainments to choose from, that is not necessarily a bad thing. We can complain about the intrusion of too much marketing in the entertainment media, but that is not the fault of technology. Indeed, with television, there’s a quiet little war going on between the technology that subtly tries to sell us products and the technology that enables us to bleep out the advertisements. To be objective about it, the so-called downside of technology – real as it is – represents more what’s wrong with us than what’s wrong with our creations. We are making them complicated, often more than they need to be, because we arrogantly believe that man will always be the master of the machine. We turn the cell phone into a public nuisance and a safety hazard instead of a useful tool because we are too foolish to use it wisely. We cause sporadic outbreaks of massive â€Å"computer errors† because we are stupid and careless; what we call computer errors are, in fact, idiotic blunders made by human beings. We are the self-destructive species who turn machines for transportation into weapons of mass destruction. The real issue regarding technology is not whether it is good or bad but whether we are grown-up and mature enough to use wisely what we have created. The evidence suggests that, on the whole, we are not and technology may just be our demise. Works Cited â€Å"2001 Internet Fraud Statistics. † Welcome to Fraud. org, Online Home of NCL’s Fraud Center. National Consumers League, 2002. Web. 23 May 2011. . â€Å"Creating Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. † Creating Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. National School Boards Association, July 2007. Web. 22 May 2011. . Farkas, Karen. â€Å"Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Cleveland. com, 07 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2011. . Heltz, Braxton. â€Å"National Business Association – How The Internet Has Changed The World†¦ † NBA – Membership Association Serving the Self-Employed and Small Business Community. National Business Associat ion, 2007. Web. 23 May 2011. . Kraut, Robert, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, and William Scherlis. â€Å"Why People Use the Internet. † The HomeNet Project. Carnegie Mellon University. Web. 23 May 2011. . Nauert, Rick. â€Å"The Internet as Agent of Social Change | Psych Central News. Psych Central – Trusted Mental Health, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD and Psychology Information. Ed. John M. Grohol. Psych Central, 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 May 2011. . O’Connor, Rebecca. â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent – Times Online. † The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. The Sunday Times, 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Rector, Lucy H. â€Å"Reference Services Review | Comparison of Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedias for Accuracy, Breadth, and Depth in Historical Articles. † Emerald. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Wang, Laurie. â€Å"The Effects of Internet Pornography  « Power to Change. Power to Change. Power to Ch ange Ministries. Web. 23 May 2011. . Williams, Chris. â€Å"Online News and Advantages. † IdeaMarketers – Free Content Directory. IdeaMarketers. com. Web. 23 May 2011. . ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"2001 Internet Fraud Statistics. † Welcome to Fraud. org, Online Home of NCL’s Fraud Center. National Consumers League, 2002. Web. 23 May 2011. . â€Å"Creating Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. † Creating Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. National School Boards Association, July 2007. Web. 22 May 2011. . Farkas, Karen. â€Å"Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. † Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Cleveland. com, 07 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2011. . Heltz, Braxton. â€Å"National Business Association – How The Internet Has Changed The World†¦ † NBA – Membership Association Serving the Self-Employed and Small Business Community. National Business Association, 2007. Web. 23 May 2011. . Kraut, Robert, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, and William Scherlis. â€Å"Why People Use the Internet. † The HomeNet Project. Carnegie Mellon University. Web. 23 May 2011. . Nauert, Rick. â€Å"The Internet as Agent of Social Change | Psych Central News. † Psych Central – Trusted Mental Health, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD and Psychology Information. Ed. John M. Grohol. Psych Central, 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 May 2011. . O’Connor, Rebecca. â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent – Times Online. † The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. The Sunday Times, 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Rector, Lucy H. â€Å"Reference Services Review | Comparison of Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedias for Accuracy, Breadth, and Depth in Historical Articles. † Emerald. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Wang, Laurie. â€Å"The Effects of Internet Pornography  « Power to Change. † Power to Change. Power to Change Ministries. Web. 23 May 2011. . Williams, Chris. â€Å"Online News and Advantages. † IdeaMarketers – Free Content Directory. IdeaMarketers. com. Web. 23 May 2011. . Murphy, Tony. Achieving Business Value from Technology. New York: Wiley, 2010. Schmidt, John G. Lean Integration: An Integration Factory Approach to Business Agility. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2010. Nicholas, John M. Project Management for Business, Engineering, and Technology. Chicago: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. http://blogs. wsj. com/digits/2011/08/24/steve-jobss-best-quotes/ http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/241907. php Arminen, I, 2007, ‘Review Essay, Mobile Communication Society? ’, Mobile Communication Society? , v. 53, no. 1 University of Tampere viewed 19 March 2010 http://asj. sagepub. com Cogmed, 1999 Karolinska Institute, viewed 6 April 2010, http://www. cogmed. com/ Cupples, J Thompson, L, 2010, ‘Heterotextuality and Digital Foreplay’, Feminist Media Studies, v. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-17, Ebscohost viewed 19 March 2010 http://www. informaworld. om/smpp/content~db=all~content=a919196107 Geser, H, 2004, ‘Towards a Sociological Theory of the Mobile Phone’, ‘Sociology in Switzerland: Sociology of the Mobile Phone’, Google Scholar viewed 16 March 2010 http://socio. ch/mobile/t_geser1. pdf Horstmanshof, L, Power, MR, 2005, ‘Mobile phones, SMS, and relationships’, Humanities Socia l Sciences papers, v. 32, no. 1, pp. 33-52, Bond University viewed 16 March 2010 http://epublications. bond. edu. au/hss_pubs/75/ Snooks and Co 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley Sons, Milton, Qld. Published 2010 How to cite Is Technology Really Making Life Easier?, Essays

The Human Genome Project Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Human Genome Project Analysis Essay A genome is all the DNA in an organism, including its genes. Genes carry information for making all the proteins required by all organisms. These proteins determine, among other things, how the organism looks, acts, processes and fights infections. DNA is made up of four similar chemicals (bases, adenine , Thymine T, cytosine C, and guanine G) that are repeated millions or billions of times throughout a genome. The human genome has three billion base pairs. The order of these base pairs are extremely important and determine everything in an organism. The Human Genome Project started in the mid-1980s and was discussed widely throughout the scientific community and public press in the last years of the decade. In the United States, DOE first and soon afterward NIH were the main research agencies within the US government responsible for developing and planning the project. By 1988, the two agencies were working together, and their relationship was formalized by the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding, to coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome. The initial planning process culminated in 1990 with the publication of a joint research plan. We will write a custom essay on The Human Genome Project Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Human Genome Projects ultimate goal is to discover all the more than 80,000 human genes and render them for further biological study. To facilitate the future interpretation of human gene function, parallel studies are being carried out on selected model organisms. Smaller goals include, to identify all the approximately 100,000 genes in human DNA, to determine the sequences of the three billion chemical bases that make up human DNA, to store this information in databases, to develop faster and more efficient sequencing technologies, to develop tools for data analysis, and to address the ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. The massive amount of data and related technologies generated by the HGP and other genomic research presents a wide array of commercial opportunities. These opportunities range from medicine and food to energy and environmental resources. Older companies are racing to retool and newer companies are seeking parts in the information revolution with DNA at its core. IMB, Compaq, DuPoint, and other big pharmaceutical companies are among those interested in the potential for targeting and applying genome data. In HGP there are two types of sequences, the draft and the high quality. To get the draft sequence, scientist determine the order of base pairs in each chromosomal area at least four to five times to ensure data accuracy and to help with reassembling DNA fragments in their original order. This repeated sequencing is known as genome depth of coverage. The draft sequence for the human genome was completed on June 26, 2000. To generate high quality sequencing , additional sequencing is needed to close gaps, reduce mistakes and allow only a single error in 10,000 bases. The finished version will provide an estimated eight to nine times the coverage of each chromosome. Thus far, high quality sequences have been generated for human chromosomes 21 and 22. Chromosome 22The euchromatic portion of chromosome 22 is estimated to be a 33.5-Mb structure comprising at least 545 and possibly up to 1000 genes, ranging in size from 1000 to 583,000 bases. Chromosome 22s sequences of DNA is of extremely high quality with an error rate of less than 1 in 50,000 bases. Gene variants on chromosome 22 have been implicated in immune system function and in at least 27 disorders, including congenital heart disease, schizophrenia, mental retardation, birth defects, and leukemia and other cancers. Chromosome 21Chromosome 21 revealed a very low gene density, estimated at around 225 active genes in the 33.8 Mb of DNA covering 99.7% of the chromosomes long arm. Scientists speculate that this gene scarcity could contribute to individuals with trisomy 21. Chromosome 5Diseases linked to chromosome 5 are; colorectal cancer, basal cell carcinoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, salt-resistant hypertension, and a type of dwarfism. .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 , .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .postImageUrl , .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 , .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:hover , .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:visited , .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:active { border:0!important; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:active , .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410 .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35ecf90dcf6ab146b7a0cf811e077410:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill a Mockingbird is definitely an excellent n EssayChromosome 16Diseases linked to chromosome 16 are; breast and prostate cancers, Crohns disease and adult polycystic kidney disease. After the full genome sequencing is done there are some things we still will not know such as; Gene number and exact locations and functions, gene regulation, DNA sequence organization, interaction of proteins in complex molecular machines, and developmental genetics, genomics.